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Payments · 7 min read

How to read a merchant statement in eleven minutes

Effective rate is the only number that matters, and almost no statement prints it. Here is how to derive it, and the four places margin is usually buried.

Every merchant statement answers a question you did not ask. It will show you a discount rate, a per-item fee, a batch of line items with names like 'Non-Qualified Surcharge', and a total. What it will not show you is the one figure that lets you compare one processor against another: your effective rate.

Divide total fees by total volume processed. That is your effective rate. A card-present restaurant running a normal Visa and Mastercard mix should land somewhere near the low-to-mid two percent range; card-not-present runs higher. If your number is materially above that, the gap is margin, not interchange — and margin is negotiable in a way interchange is not.

Four places it hides. First, downgrades: transactions that failed to qualify for the interchange category they should have hit, usually for a missing address-verification field or a settlement batched more than 24 hours late. Second, the monthly stack — PCI non-compliance fees, statement fees, regulatory fees, gateway fees — small numbers that are pure margin. Third, tiered pricing, which sorts your transactions into 'qualified', 'mid-qualified' and 'non-qualified' buckets whose definitions are set by your processor. Fourth, the equipment lease, which is very often a separate non-cancellable contract with a different company.

Interchange is set by the card brands and is identical for every processor in the market. Assessments are likewise fixed. Everything else on the statement is your processor's price, and it is the only part worth arguing about. A statement that presents those three components separately — interchange, assessments, processor margin — is called interchange-plus, and asking for it is the fastest way to find out whether your current relationship survives daylight.

Want this applied to your own numbers? Send three statements and we will run the same analysis on your account, in writing, at no cost.

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